Vertigo

In Nairobi, a recent study highlighted that balance disorders like vertigo are a growing but under-recognized issue in hospitals, with many cases linked to inner ear infections and lifestyle factors. Vertigo is not just a fleeting sense of being “off balance.” It is a distinct health condition that can severely disrupt daily life, affecting movement, focus, and even independence. Unlike general dizziness, vertigo creates the unsettling illusion that you or your surroundings are spinning, even when everything is still.

Understanding vertigo its causes, symptoms, and treatments can make the difference between ongoing discomfort and a path back to steady ground.

Vertigo vs. Dizziness

Vertigo is often confused with dizziness, but the two are not identical. Dizziness can describe lightheadedness, faintness, or a general lack of balance. Vertigo, however, is characterized by the distinct spinning or tilting sensation, as though the environment is shifting around you. While dizziness can stem from many conditions such as low blood pressure or dehydration, vertigo is specifically related to inner ear or brain issues that affect balance systems.

Types of Vertigo

There are two main types of vertigo.

Peripheral vertigo originates in the inner ear and is the most common form. It may be triggered by conditions like benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere’s disease, or labyrinthitis. These conditions interfere with the body’s vestibular system, which manages balance.

Central vertigo stems from the brain, particularly areas such as the brainstem or cerebellum. Strokes, migraines, or multiple sclerosis can lead to this type. Central vertigo often lasts longer and may be more difficult to treat compared to peripheral vertigo.

Vertigo Causes

Vertigo does not arise from a single cause. Infections in the inner ear, buildup of calcium particles in the ear canal (BPPV), and chronic conditions like Meniere’s disease are among the leading contributors. Injuries, migraines, and even certain medications can also set off episodes. Central nervous system issues, including stroke or tumors, though less common, represent more serious underlying causes that demand urgent attention.

Vertigo Symptoms

The hallmark symptom is the spinning sensation, but vertigo rarely appears alone. Nausea, vomiting, sweating, abnormal eye movements, and trouble walking in a straight line may accompany it. In severe cases, individuals may find it impossible to stand or move without assistance. Episodes can last a few seconds or continue for hours, depending on the root cause.

Vertigo Diagnosis

Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and physical exam. A healthcare provider may perform balance and eye movement tests to evaluate the vestibular system. Imaging such as MRI or CT scans can help rule out central causes. Audiometric tests may also be used if hearing loss is suspected. In some cases, a Dix-Hallpike maneuver a positioning test can help confirm BPPV.

Vertigo Treatment

Treatment depends entirely on the cause. For BPPV, specific head and body movements, known as canalith repositioning maneuvers, can help restore proper function. Infections may require medication, while conditions like Meniere’s disease often call for lifestyle adjustments, including changes in salt intake. For persistent or severe cases, vestibular rehabilitation therapy is recommended to retrain the brain and balance system.

How to Stop Vertigo

During an episode, the best immediate approach is to remain still and avoid sudden movements. Resting in a safe, supported position can prevent falls. Some patients benefit from focusing on a fixed object until the spinning passes. Over-the-counter medications for motion sickness may provide temporary relief but should not replace medical advice.

How to Cure Vertigo Permanently

Permanent relief depends on tackling the underlying condition. For many with BPPV, canalith repositioning provides long-term resolution. When vertigo stems from chronic conditions like Meniere’s disease or migraines, consistent management rather than a one-time cure is essential. In some rare cases, surgical interventions may be necessary if symptoms are disabling and persistent.

Is Vertigo Dangerous?

Vertigo itself is usually not life-threatening, but it can increase the risk of accidents, especially falls. However, when vertigo signals underlying conditions such as stroke, it becomes a medical emergency. Persistent or severe episodes should never be ignored. Timely consultation with a healthcare provider ensures serious conditions are not overlooked.

Takeaways

Vertigo is more than a minor inconvenience it is a medical condition that can undermine mobility, confidence, and quality of life. Understanding whether it is caused by an inner ear issue or a neurological condition is crucial for proper treatment. With accurate diagnosis and targeted care, many people regain balance and return to normal activities.

Vertigo FAQs

Is vertigo the same as dizziness?
No. Dizziness is a general term, while vertigo involves the clear sensation of spinning.

Can stress cause vertigo?
Stress alone does not cause vertigo but can worsen symptoms or trigger episodes in those with existing conditions.

Does vertigo go away on its own?
Some cases, especially mild BPPV, may resolve without treatment. However, recurrent or severe vertigo usually requires medical evaluation.

When should someone seek urgent care?
If vertigo occurs suddenly with weakness, double vision, or difficulty speaking, emergency care is essential, as these may signal a stroke.

Published 17th Sept 2025

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